Anode cathodic polarization can cause significant damage to the lifespan of the anode, mainly because the design of the anode coating is designed and optimized based on the principle of anodic reaction. After the anode undergoes cathodic polarization, it will cause cathodic reactions at the anode extreme. The cathodic reaction not only undergoes copper deposition reaction, but also hydrogen evolution reaction to a certain extent. One of the most important reasons why titanium anodes can maintain chemical stability in various environments is the dense oxide layer (titanium oxide) formed on the surface of titanium materials. The occurrence of cathodic reaction will cause the surface of the substrate to transform from titanium oxide to titanium hydride. Titanium hydride is not stable. On the one hand, it is easy to peel off from the surface, and on the other hand, even if it is later converted back to titanium oxide, it will no longer be the original dense oxide film. Due to the influence of cathodic reactions, the titanium anode coating can easily detach from the substrate, leading to premature failure of the ruthenium iridium titanium anode.

Due to the premature failure of the anode coating, abnormal uniformity of anode discharge can occur, which can have a significant impact on the uniformity of product electroplating.